Ritsumeikan University (立命館大学, Ritsumeikan Daigaku, abbreviated to Rits and 立命 Ritsumei) is a private university in Kyoto, Japan, that traces its origin to 1869.

Waseda University (早稲田大学, Waseda Daigaku), abbreviated as Sōdai (早大), is a private research university in Shinjuku, Tokyo, founded in 1882.

International Christian University (国際基督教大学, Kokusai Kirisutokyō Daigaku, ICU) is a non-denominational private university located in Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.

Keio University (慶應義塾大学, Keiō Gijuku Daigaku), abbreviated as Keio (慶應) or Keidai (慶大), is a private research university located in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

Rikkyo University (立教大学, Rikkyō daigaku), also known as Saint Paul's University, is a private university, in Ikebukuro, Tokyo, Japan.

Sophia University, also known by its Japanese name 上智大学 (Jōchi Daigaku), is a private research university in Japan.