Meiji University (明治大学, Meiji Daigaku), abbreviated as Meiji (明治) or Meidai (明大), is a private research university located in the heart of Tokyo, Chiyoda City, established in 1881.

Keio University (慶應義塾大学, Keiō Gijuku Daigaku), abbreviated as Keio (慶應) or Keidai (慶大), is a private research university located in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

Ritsumeikan University (立命館大学, Ritsumeikan Daigaku, abbreviated to Rits and 立命 Ritsumei) is a private university in Kyoto, Japan, that traces its origin to 1869.

International Christian University (国際基督教大学, Kokusai Kirisutokyō Daigaku, ICU) is a non-denominational private university located in Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.

Kansai University (関西大学, Kansai Daigaku), abbreviated as Kandai (関大) or Kansaidai (関西大), is a private non-sectarian and coeducational university.

Doshisha University (同志社大学, Dōshisha daigaku), also referred to as Dodai (同大, Dōdai), is a private university in Kyoto City, Japan.